Exam 3

Text 3 Exam

Chapters 7-10; pg 296-493

Objectives

1. Describe how the region’s fragile, often arid setting shapes the region’s contemporary environmental challenges
2. Explain how latitude and topography produce the region’s distinctive patterns of climate
3. Describe four distinctive ways in which people have learned to adapt their agricultural practices to the region’s arid environment
4. Summarize the major forces shaping recent migration patterns within the region
5. List the major characteristics of Islam and its key patterns of diffusion
6. Identify the region’s dominant religions and language families
7. Describe the local impacts of the Arab Spring rebellions in different regional settings
8. Identity the role of cultural variables and sectarian differences in understanding key regional conflicts in Israel, Syria, and Iraq
9. Summarize the geography of oil and gas reserves in the region
10. Describe traditional roles for Islamic women and provide examples of recent changes
11. Describe, in general terms, the topography, climate, and hydrology of Europe
12. Identify the major environmental issues in Europe, as well as the pathways taken to resolve those problems
13. Provide examples of countries with different rates of natural growth
14. Describe the patterns of internal migration within Europe, as well as the geography of foreign migration to the region
15. Describe the major languages and religions of Europe
16. Summarize how the map of European states has changed in the last 100 years
17. Explain how Europe was divided during the Cold War and how it has changed since the Cold War’s end in 1990
18. Describe Europe’s economic and political integration as driven by the EU
19. Identify the major characteristics of Europe’s current economic and social crisis
20. Explain the close connection among latitude, regional climates, and agricultural production in Russia
21. Describe the major environmental issues affecting residents of the region
22. Identify the potential benefits and hazards of global warming within the region
23. Summarize major migration patterns, both in Soviet and post-Soviet eras
24. Explain major land-use patterns in a large city such as Moscow
25. Describe the major phases of Russian expansion across Eurasia
26. Identify the key regional patterns of linguistic and religious diversity
27. Summarize the historical roots of the region’s modern geopolitical system
28. Provide examples of how persistent cultural differences shape contemporary geopolitical tensions
29. Identify key ways in which natural resources, including energy, have shaped economic development in the region
30. Describe the key sectors of the Soviet-era economy and list major changes that have shaped the region’s economy since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991
31. Explain how the key environmental differences among Central Asia’s desert areas, its mountain and plateau zone, and its steppe (grassland) belt influence human settlement and economic development
32. Identify the main reasons for the disappearance of the Aral Sea and outline the economic and environmental consequences of the loss of this once-massive lake
33. Summarize the reasons why water resources are of such great importance in Central Asia and describe the ways in which people are responding to water shortages
34. Explain why Central Asia’s population is so unevenly distributed, with some areas densely settled and others essentially uninhabited
35. Describe the differences between Central Asia’s historical cities and those that have been established within the past 100 years
36. Outline the ways in which religion divides Central Asia and describe how religious diversity has influenced the history of the region
37. Identify the distinct ways in which cultural globalization has impacted different parts of Central Asia and explain why cultural globalization is controversial in much of the region
38. Describe the geopolitical roles played in Central Asia by Russia, China, and the United States and explain why the region has been the site of pronounced geopolitical tension over the past several decades
39. Describe the ways in which ethnic conflict has contributed to instability in Afghanistan and assess the potential of ethnic tension to destabilize the rest of the region
40. Explain the role of oil and natural gas production in generating extremely uneven levels of economic and social development across Central Asia